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Required CIGS and CIGS/Mo Interface Properties for High ...
In this work, we have modeled and simulated the electrical performance of CIGS thinfilm solar cell using onedimensional simulation software (SCAPS1D). Starting from a baseline model that reproduced the experimental results, the properties of the absorber layer and the CIGS/Mo interface have been explored, and the requirements for highefficiency CIGS solar cell were proposed.
Get PriceEffect of Nonionic Surfactants on Chalcopyrite Leaching
The fact that chalcopyrite leaching becomes insensitive to increasing LA 790 concentration indicates that the chalcopyrite surface becomes sufficiently wettable at a given level of surfactant. Figures 3 and 4 contain data from designs 1 and 2, respectively, as a function of time.
Get PriceMETHODS FOR MAKING DOPED AND UNDOPED COPPER CHALCOPYRITE …
Feb 28, 2013· This result indicates that, in contrast to prior art chalcopyrite film formation, the CuFeS 2 chalcopyrite films of the present invention can be unexpectedly fabricated from CuFeS 2 nanoparticles at moderate temperature without introducing any other impurity phase. It is worth noting that at higher temperatures (, greater than 400° C ...
Get Price(PDF) Investigation of chalcopyrite film growth: An ...
The values of carrier concentration and mobility for the film are found to be × 1017 cm−3 and × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1; respectively for film deposited at 350 °C. View Show abstract
Get PriceUS7871502B2 Method for manufacturing chalcopyrite thin ...
A method for fabricating a chalcopyritetype thin film solar cell includes a first step of forming onto a Mo electrode layer 2 a precursor including an In metal layer and a Cu—Ga alloy layer by sputtering, a second step of attaching an alkalimetal solution onto the precursor, a selenization step of subjecting the substrate 1 which has undergone both the first and the second steps to a ...
Get PriceLeaching of Chalcopyrite Concentrate in Sulphuric ...
Xray diffraction pattern of chalcopyrite concentrate irradiated with microwaves at 800 W for 4 min Vol. 22, No. 10 (2010) Fig. 7. Leaching of Chalcopyrite in Sulphuric Acid 8115 Xray diffraction pattern of chalcopyrite concentrate irradiated with microwaves at 200 W for 30 min 80 Cu, Microwaved Fe, Microwaved Cu, Untreated Fe, Untreated 70
Get PriceDefect Chalcopyrite Cu(In1x, Gax)3Se5 Polycrystalline ...
The defect chalcopyrite material CuIn 3 Se 5 has been identified as playing an essential role in efficient photovoltaic action in CuInSe 2based devices; it has been reported to be of ntype conductivity, forming a pn junction with its ptype counterpart CuInSe the most efficient cells consist of the Cu(In 1x Ga x)Se 2 quaternary, knowledge of some physical properties of the Ga ...
Get PriceInterfacial Alkali Diffusion Control in Chalcopyrite Thin ...
Jul 08, 2014· Alkali elements, specifically sodium (Na), are key materials to enhance the energy conversion efficiencies of chalcopyrite and related thinfilm photovoltaic solar cells. Recently, the effect of potassium (K) has also attracted attention because elemental K has unique effects different from Na as well as a similar beneficial effect in improving device performance.
Get PriceChalcopyrite Wikipedia
Chalcopyrite (/ ˌ k æ l k ə ˈ p aɪ r aɪ t,k oʊ/ KALkoPYryt) is a copper iron sulfide mineral that crystallizes in the tetragonal system. It has the chemical formula CuFeS has a brassy to golden yellow color and a hardness of to 4 on the Mohs streak is diagnostic as green tinged black. On exposure to air, chalcopyrite tarnishes to a variety of oxides, hydroxides ...
Get PriceAmphiphilic cellulose and surfactant mixtures as green ...
Froth flotation represents one the most important technologies for the development of the modern era, as it has enabled a steady and affordable flow o…
Get PriceChalcopyrite an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
T. Unold, Kaufmann, in Comprehensive Renewable Energy, 2012. Introduction. Chalcopyritetype materials are currently considered to be the most promising thinfilm solar cell materials, because they exhibit direct band gaps well matched to the solar spectrum and because of their very favorable electronic properties that have recently led to solar cell efficiencies surpassing 20%.
Get PriceChemical instability at chalcogenide surfaces impacts ...
Jul 20, 2020· b Box plot of Cu/In and (Cu+In)/Se atomic concentration ratios acquired by EDS at 7 kV (top) and 20 kV (bottom) acceleration voltages, entailing beamfilm interactions as shown by the ...
Get PriceHighly efficient copperrich chalcopyrite solar cells from ...
Mar 01, 2020· For Cu poor chalcopyrite, V cu is believed to account for the ptype conductivity [31,32]. In Curich film, more Cu In (which is also a shallow acceptor) may form, thus increasing the carrier concentration and conductivity.
Get PriceCyanide Leaching Chemistry Gold Cyanidation
The reactions that take place during the dissolution of gold in cyanide solutions under normal conditions have been fairly definitely established. Most agree that the overall cyanide equation for leaching and cyanidation of gold is as follows: 4 Au + 8 NaCN + O2 + 2 H20 = 4 NaAu(CN)2 + 4 NaOH
Get PriceWide Bandgap Chalcopyrite Photoelectrodes for Direct Solar ...
Longterm goal: identify efficient and durable copper chalcopyritebased materials which can operate under moderate solar concentration and capable of generating hydrogen via PEC water splitting at a cost of 2/kg or less.
Get PriceThe role of bioleaching microorganisms in saline water ...
In order to tackle the dual challenge of utilizing highly refractory chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2) while saving scarce freshwater resources, this study aimed to systematically understand the individual role of chemical lixiviant and bioleaching microorganisms in the complex Fe 3+Cu 2+SO 4 2−Cl − chalcopyrite leaching system. In general freshwater bioleaching conditions, the E h level sharply ...
Get PriceGallium gradients in chalcopyrite thin films: Depth ...
Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 films are used as absorber layers in chalcopyrite thin film solar cells. As the gallium concentration in the absorber can be used to control the band gap, there have been many efforts to vary the gallium concentration in depth to gain an optimum balance of light absorption, carrier collection, and recombination at different depths of the absorber film, leading to improved quantum ...
Get Price(PDF) Bioleaching of chalcopyrite and bornite by ...
The leaching rate of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) by Fe3+ in H2SO4 solutions depends on the redox potential determined by the Fe3+/Fe2+ concentration ratio, and there is a maximum leaching rate at an ...
Get PriceMICRO CONCENTRATOR CONCEPT FOR COST REDUCTION …
compactness comparable to regular thin film products. In this contribution we show results of CHEETAH joint research on chalcopyrite micro concentrator solar cells: In a topdown proof of concept study, close to 30% relative efficiency increase is achieved by light concentration onto inkjetprinted CIGSSe. Using a …
Get PriceIn Situ Electrochemical Investigation of Pyrite Assisted ...
Nov 30, 2019· Chalcopyrite and pyrite were obtained from Mt Lyll, Australia and North Dakota, USA, respectively. The concentrates had less than 4% impurities, as confirmed by Powder X ray diffraction (XRD) and chemical analysis. 10 Powder samples for the leaching experiment were grounded to −200 meshes before use. Pyrite and chalcopyrite electrodes were prepared by cutting the pyrite and chalcopyrite ...
Get Price(PDF) Acid Leaching of Chalcopyrite in the Presence of Ozone
shows the curves obtained from leaching of chalcopyrite concentrate in M H2SO4 solution by using ozone as oxidizing agent in the temperature range 475'C. The content of ozone in oxygen was ...
Get PriceElectrostatic Concentration Ores Minerals
Electrostatic separation of ores in its present form is generally known as the Huff process, from the name of Charles H. Huff, of Boston, Mass., through whose constant and persistent labors (with the invention of Clinton E. Dolbear as a basis) the successful commercial process embracing separative machinery and the various electrifying devices has been developed step by step, and the finances ...
Get Price(PDF) Leaching Chalcopyrite Concentrate with Oxygen and ...
The mass balance showed that 98% of copper was extracted from the chalcopyrite concentrate in 3 h under the following experimental conditions: 130 g/L of initial sulfuric acid concentration ...
Get PriceJPV Call for Nominations
film solar cell materials, including PV structures and solar cells based on IIVI, chalcopyrite, Si and other thin film absorbers; IIIV PV materials, heterostructures, multijunction devices and concentrator PV; optics for light trapping, reflection control and concentration; organic PV including polymer, hybrid and dye sensitized solar cells;
Get PriceChemical instability at chalcogenide surfaces impacts ...
Jul 20, 2020· Point defect solubility limits and phase metastability Throughout the manuscript, the word ‘metastability’ refers to a sample condition describing a stable state of a dynamical system other than the system’s state of least energy. Depending on the context, the term applies both to phase equilibria and electronic defect states. The starting point for discussion is […]
Get PriceGraded Carrier Concentration Absorber Profile for High ...
We demonstrate an innovative CIGSbased solar cells model with a graded doping concentration absorber profile, capable of achieving high efficiency values. In detail, we start with an indepth discussion concerning the parametrical study of conventional CIGS solar cells structures. We have used the wxAMPS software in order to numerically simulate cell electrical behaviour.
Get PriceMinerals | Free FullText | Effect of Ultrasound on the ...
The objective of this study is to compare the reaction kinetics of copper leaching from chalcopyrite in acidic ferric sulfate media with (UAL) and without (nonUAL) ultrasound assistance. Four leaching parameters were evaluated and optimized. The parameter with the strongest effect was temperature, followed by ultrasonic power, the solidtoliquid ratio (S/L), and acid concentration.
Get PriceAn investigation into the effects of band gap and doping ...
May 10, 2016· Keywords: CIGS thin film, Absorber band gap, Doping concentration, Lattice mismatch, Efficiency. Background. The CIGS thin film heterojunction solar cell based on the chalcopyrite ptype absorber layer Cu(In 1x Ga x)Se 2 is a promising option in industrial productivity due to its lower manufacturing cost and higher efficiency ...
Get Price(PDF) LEACHING OF CHALCOPYRITE CONCENTRATE IN …
The optimum conditions to obtain the main goal of maximum copper and minimum iron extraction from chalcopyrite were determined as to be sulfuric acid concentration of M, hydrogen peroxide ...
Get PriceA Review on Novel Techniques for Chalcopyrite Ore Processing
Jan 01, 2012· Chalcopyrite Ore Production The sulfide ore minerals including chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2), sphalerite (ZnS), galena (PbS) provide the major sources of the world’s base metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, respectively), whereas pyrite is virtually ubiquitous as a metalliferous mineral in sulfide ore deposits (Crang and Vanghan, 1994).The first step in recovering metal from their mineral is that of finding ...
Get PriceElectrochemical Oxidation of Chalcopyrite in Ammoniacal ...
The film was dissolved in dilute sulfuric acid prior to analysis for Fe+² and total iron. Theoretical . The rest potentials are affected by all three concentration variables and appear to be Nernstian in behavior, with a reproducibility of ± .010 volts for a given electrode under identical conditions.
Get PriceUS5474622A Solar cell having chalcopyrite semiconductor ...
A solar cell device includes an absorber layer or heterojunctionforming layer which comprises a IIIIVI 2 chalcopyrite semiconductor film containing a Group VIIA element as a dopant. The semiconductor film can be made by depositing a IIIIVI 2 chalcopyrite compound film onto a substrate while evaporating onto the substrate a Group VIIA element to obtain a IIIIVI 2 chalcopyrite compound ...
Get PriceWide Bandgap Chalcopyrite Photoelectrodes for ...
• Develop efficient copper chalcopyrite (Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) 2)based materials with ideal optoelectronic properties for ... , thin film semiconductor material is the outstanding photontoelectron conversion efficiency, as demonstrated with CuInGaSe ... gallium concentration, with a targeted bandgap of – eV. Subsurface energetics ...
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